La Certificación Forestal es un proceso de evaluación, realizado por una tercera parte independiente, al que se somete de forma voluntaria una superficie forestal o empresa forestal para verificar que los productos adquiridos, como madera y papel, provienen de un bosque gestionado de modo sostenible.

Esta certificación forestal, y el etiquetado asociado, es una manera de informar a los consumidores sobre la sostenibilidad de los bosques. Existen dos tipos de certificación forestal:

  • Certificación de Gestión Forestal, en la que se certifica el origen de la materia prima forestal (semilla/planta) y la gestión sostenible del bosque.
  • Certificación de Cadena de Custodia, donde se certifica la trazabilidad de la materia prima a lo largo de la cadena de la madera. Se evalúa la línea de producción forestal, desde el bosque hasta el producto final, para verificar que la madera utilizada procede un bosque bien gestionado.

Los dos estándares más utilizados en la certificación forestal son FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) y el Sistema de Certificación Forestal PEFC (Programme for the Endorsment of Forest Certification).

FSC: el objetivo principal del FSC es promover una gestión forestal ambientalmente responsable, socialmente beneficiosa y económicamente viable para los bosques de todo el mundo. Es una organización independiente, no gubernamental y sin ánimo de lucro, y es apoyada por las principales ONG sociales y ambientales.

PEFC: esta entidad fija objetivos vinculados a la conservación del ambiente, mejora de la productividad y promoción del desarrollo socioeconómico en el entorno rural. También es una organización sin ánimo de lucro que nace a partir de una iniciativa voluntaria del sector forestal privado.

Que un producto cuente con el sello PEFC o FSC garantiza al cliente que la materia prima con la que está fabricado proviene de bosques gestionados de manera sostenible.

Aunque se trata de herramientas que persiguen un mismo fin, existen algunas diferencias entre ellas.

Tanto PEFC como FSC son normas que están orientadas específicamente a productores de papel, al sector de las artes gráficas, a productos derivados del corcho, aserraderos, carpinterías, fabricantes de mobiliario urbano y de interior, importadores, almacenistas, distribuidores, a entidades públicas o privadas y a personas físicas que posean plantaciones intensivas, áreas de aprovechamiento silvopastoral, ecosistemas mediterráneos, bosque atlántico y de alta montaña y a los distintos regímenes de propiedad existentes: particular, pequeñas y grandes superficies, montes comunales y montes públicos.

Beneficios

  • Contribuir al mantenimiento de los ecosistemas y a la diversidad biológica.
  • Elemento diferenciador en la mejora de la imagen corporativa o de marca.
  • Identificacióntrazabilidad de la materia prima utilizada en los procesos productivos.
  • Mostrar a clientes el respeto a los principios éticos y socialmente responsables.
  • Homologaciones. Cumplir requisitos de compra de grandes empresas y entidades financieras que actualmente solicitan esta certificación FSC o PECF de gestión forestal sostenible a sus proveedores.
  • Conseguir mayor puntuación en concursos y licitaciones públicas. Esta certificación es valorada por la Ley 9/2017, de 8 de noviembre, de Contratos del Sector Público, por la que se transponen al ordenamiento jurídico español las Directivas del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo 2014/23/UE y 2014/24/UE, de 26 de febrero de 2014.
  • Integración con otros sistemas de gestión como ISO 9001 e ISO 14001

Herramientas

  • Trazabilidad
  • Etiquetado
  • Control de materias primas
  • Control del proceso

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