El cambio climático es uno de los máximos retos que tiene la sociedad en las próximas décadas. Por eso, conocer la huella de carbono de las empresas y reducirla, en la medida de lo posible, debe ser un objetivo estratégico para muchas organizaciones.

La Huella de Carbono es la cantidad total de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEIs) que se generan como consecuencia del desarrollo de una actuación.

Se divide en tres tipos: huella de carbono de organización que mide la totalidad de GEIs emitidos por efecto directo o indirecto provenientes del desarrollo de la actividad de dicha organización con un alcance concreto, huella de carbono de producto que calcula la cantidad total de GEIs que se generan en cada una de las fases del ciclo de vida del producto (desde la extracción de las materias primas que lo componen hasta el destino al abandono del producto) y huella de carbono de eventos que abarca a todas las etapas del desarrollo del evento (diseño, preparación, montaje, desarrollo, desmontaje).

Existen diferentes referenciales para el cálculo de la huella de carbono: PAS 2060 y 2050, GHG Protocol, aunque las normas ISO 14064 e ISO 14067 son las más utilizadas.

La huella de carbono puede ser verificada por una entidad acreditada. Se puede obtener el certificado de CO2 calculado que acredita la veracidad de los cálculos, CO2 reducido cuando se demuestra una reducción del valor obtenido con respecto del año anterior, y CO2 compensado donde se tienen en cuenta emisiones compensadas en sumideros de contaminación con respecto a las calculadas.

Beneficios

  • Identificación de oportunidades de reducción de la huella de carbono.
  • Mejora la imagen de empresa sostenible.
  • Acceso al Registro Nacional de Huella de carbono.
  • Oportunidades comerciales, porque muchas empresas que ya tiene calculada su huella de Carbono están exigiendo a sus proveedores que también la tengan calculada.
  • Homologaciones. Acceso a determinados clientes que valoran la sostenibilidad ambiental y a concursos públicos.
  • Participación en mercados de GEI.
  • Ahorro de costes de la empresa por la mejora de la eficiencia energética.

Herramientas

  • Técnica de Pareto
  • Cálculo de incertidumbres
  • Análisis de ciclo de vida
  • Calculadora de datos de emisiones de la organización

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